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  1. 常用英语词语辨析105组(5)

  2. [11-20 00:41:37]   来源:http://www.85jc.com  英语单词   阅读:8706

概要:41.too much与much too二者都表示“太”,“非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,但不可修饰动词。It's much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much作“太多”讲有以下三种用法。①作名词词组,如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。②作形容词词组修饰不可数名词,如:Don't drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒。③作副词词组修饰不及物动词,如:She talks too much.她说话太多。42.rather与fairly两词都可作“相当地”,“颇有几分”讲。其主要区别如下:①fairly主要与“令人有愉快感”的形容词或副词连用,如:good, bravely, well, nice等。而rather作此意解时,则用于“令人不愉快”的

常用英语词语辨析105组(5),标签:英语单词大全,http://www.85jc.com

41.too much与much too

二者都表示“太”,“非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,但不可修饰动词。It's much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much作“太多”讲有以下三种用法。
①作名词词组,如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。

②作形容词词组修饰不可数名词,如:Don't drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒。

③作副词词组修饰不及物动词,如:She talks too much.她说话太多。

42.rather与fairly

两词都可作“相当地”,“颇有几分”讲。其主要区别如下:
①fairly主要与“令人有愉快感”的形容词或副词连用,如:good, bravely, well, nice等。而rather作此意解时,则用于“令人不愉快”的形容词或副词,如:bad, ugly等。如:Tom is rather lazy, but John is fairly diligent.汤姆很懒惰,而约翰却相当勤奋。

②如果一个单数名词有形容词修饰,不定冠词须放在fairly前面,而rather却是放前放后皆可。如:This is a fairly interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。This book is rather an interesting one.(同前)

③有些词本身无所谓“令人愉快”或“不愉快”之意,如:fast, show, hot, cold等,说话人则可用fairly来表“赞许”,用rather来表示“不以为然”。

④fairly往往表示“恰到好处,恰当”,而rather含有“太过分,有过之”之意。试比较:This book is fairly easy for you to read.(正好合适你读。) This book is rather easy for you to read.(太简单以致不合适了)

⑤rather还可用在alike, like, similar, different等词和“有”前,此时含义是“有点儿”或“稍微”之意。如:The weather was rather worse than I had expected.这天气比我所预料的要糟糕些。

43.lively, living与alive

①lively adj. 生动的,活泼的,可作定语或表语。如:What lively colours!多么鲜艳的颜色啊! she is a lively girl.她是个活泼的姑娘。

②living adj. 活着的,健在的;n. 谋生,生计。如:living things生物;make a living谋生;earn one's living谋生度日;That man is still living.那人还健在(在世)。

③alive adj. 活的,活着的,表语性形容词,一般可与living互换。若作定语,要放在所修饰的词之后。如:That man is not dead, he is still alive.(=he is still living.)那人没死,他还活着。He is the greatest musician alive.他是活着的最伟大的音乐家。

44.instead of, in place of与take the place of

①instead of是介词短语,意思是“代替”,“而不是”,作介词短语后接名词、动名词和宾格代词;作连词短语后接不定式(一般不省略to),谓语动词、形容词、副词和介词短语等。如:John will attend the meeting instead of his manager.约翰将代替经理出席这次会议。You should have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.你应多锻炼身体,不要整天呆在家里。The temperature has risen up instead of fallen down.温度上升了而并没有下降。This is dull instead of interesting.这不但没趣,反倒枯燥。

②in place of介词短语“代替”,通常后接名(代)词,可与instead of互换。如:People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.人们常用塑料来代替木材和金属。但instead of sb./sth.可略去介词of及其宾语,而in place of通常不能将其省略。

③take the place of动词词组,“代替”(职务,工作等),如:Most scientists agree that computers can't completely take the place of humans.大多数科学家认为,计算机并不能完全代替人。作“代替”解时,不可将the去掉或改换为one's,那样会引起歧义,要注意区分。

45.pain, ache和hurt

这三个词都和疼痛有关。ache和pain多作名词,hurt只能作动词。ache指“(人)身体疼痛”,往往用于持续的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感觉,常指“局部的”疼痛。back(背)、ear(耳)、head(头)、heart(心)、stomach(胃)、tummy(肚)、tooth等词与ache构成复合词,表示身体部位的疼痛。如果指身体其他部分之疼痛则用pain或ache表示,如:a pain /ache inmy foot脚痛。单数ache可与不定冠词连用,也可以不用不定冠词,如:He has got an ache in his foot.他脚痛。He has aches on his back.他背上痛。ache也可作动词,如:I ache all over.我全身疼痛。My head aches.我头痛。pain指“肉体或精神上的痛苦、悲痛”,比ache要严重些,如:She is in great pain.她深为痛苦。The boy broke his arm and cried with pain.那个男孩摔断手臂,痛得大叫。pain也可以当及物动词,指“使痛苦”,如:My foot is still paining me.我的脚还在痛。

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